E910 – Wax esters
Glazing agentDescription
Mixture of esters formed from fatty acids and fatty alcohols, typically derived from wool wax (lanolin)
Notes
Wax esters are derived from lanolin, a natural waxy substance that sheep produce to protect their wool from moisture and environmental damage. To obtain lanolin, wool is first washed, and the waxy coating is separated and collected from the wash water. This crude lanolin is then refined and processed through chemical treatments to create specific wax esters - essentially molecules formed by combining fatty acids with fatty alcohols, both naturally present in the original lanolin. These wax esters function as glazing agents, providing a shiny, protective coating on various foods. You'll most commonly encounter them on fresh fruits like apples, pears, and citrus fruits, where they replace the natural waxes removed during washing and help prevent moisture loss while giving produce an attractive, glossy appearance. They're also used on some confectionery items and pharmaceutical tablets to provide a smooth, appealing finish. Since wax esters come from sheep's wool, they are natural in origin but not suitable for strict vegans, though many vegetarians may find them acceptable since no animals are harmed in wool collection. They're generally considered halal and kosher, but individuals following strict dietary laws should verify with their religious authorities. These wax esters are approved as safe for food contact, though they're designed to provide surface coating rather than being consumed in large quantities.