E490 – Propane-1,2-diol
Description
Clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet taste; hygroscopic; miscible with water, ethanol, and many organic solvents; produced synthetically from propylene oxide
Notes
Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless, slightly sweet liquid that's made synthetically from petroleum or plant-based sources through chemical processes. Despite its somewhat intimidating chemical name, it's a relatively simple compound that's also found naturally in small amounts in some foods. It's produced industrially by treating propylene (a petroleum derivative) or glycerin (from plant oils) with water under controlled conditions. In foods, propylene glycol works as a humectant (helping retain moisture) and solvent (helping dissolve other ingredients). You'll find it in baked goods where it keeps them moist, in flavor extracts where it helps dissolve flavoring compounds, and in some beverages, dairy products, and processed foods. It's particularly useful in products that need to stay soft and moist during storage. This additive is synthetic but recognized as safe by food authorities worldwide, with strict limits on how much can be used in foods. It's suitable for vegetarians and vegans, and generally acceptable under most religious dietary laws. Some people may be sensitive to propylene glycol, and it's worth noting that while it's safe in food-grade applications, it's also used in non-food products like antifreeze and cosmetics, which sometimes causes consumer concern despite different purity standards.