E1520 – Propylene glycol
FlavouringDescription
A synthetic liquid alcohol with humectant, solvent, and preservative properties
Notes
Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid alcohol that's created through a chemical process involving propylene oxide (derived from petroleum) and water. Despite its somewhat intimidating chemical name, it's a relatively simple molecule that's colorless, nearly odorless, and has a slightly sweet taste. The manufacturing process involves carefully controlled reactions in industrial facilities to ensure purity and safety for food use. This additive serves multiple functions in food products, primarily as a humectant (moisture keeper) and solvent. It's excellent at retaining moisture, helping keep baked goods soft and preventing ice crystals from forming in frozen treats. It also dissolves many flavor compounds and food colors that don't mix well with water, making it valuable for creating consistent flavors and colors in processed foods. You'll find it in everything from cake mixes and frosting to salad dressings, ice cream, and flavored beverages. Propylene glycol is entirely synthetic and suitable for vegetarian and vegan diets since no animal products are used in its production. It's generally recognized as safe by food regulatory agencies worldwide, though some people may be sensitive to it in large quantities. The amounts used in food are typically very small and well within safety guidelines. It's also commonly used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, where it performs similar moisture-retaining and solvent functions.